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Mobile wallets accelerate financial inclusion across Africa

Source: Finance Derivative

El Hadji Malik Seck,Ria Money Transfer’s Managing Director Africa

Without a doubt, technology in general has made many of our lives easier and more comfortable. The global proliferation of financial technology is helping foster greater financial inclusion among previously unbanked populations, and this is especially true for millions of people across Africa. Access to electronic instant payment platforms, digital banking, and mobile wallets has offered people easier inroads to the financial system and afforded them greater financial independence.

Traditional access to finance

Traditional financial institutions have struggled to make financial services, such as bank accounts, accessible to many people around the world, including many Africans. Across the continent, account ownership figures vary greatly; in 2021, 91% of adults in Mauritius and 85% in South Africa had their own bank accounts, while the same was true of just 27% in Egypt and 29% in Sierra Leone – according to the International Association of Money Transfer Networks (IAMNTN).

Beyond account ownership, adults in these regions may also face barriers to conducting simple financial tasks, such as withdrawing cash for everyday transactions. On average, there are 35 ATMs per 100,000 people in the Middle East and North Africa and seven per 100,000 people in Sub-Saharan Africa, compared with 63 in the European Union and 210 in North America. This is a gap that puts Sub-Saharan Africans at a disadvantage when it comes to accessing financial services.

Cross-border money transfer companies maintain extensive physical networks so they can serve people everywhere, whether they have a bank account or not. The shift towards digital alternatives is also helping more people enter the financial system for the first time and increasing the delivery methods money transfer operators can offer.

The mobile wallet revolution

The pandemic made it especially difficult for people to send and receive money via traditional ‘brick and mortar’ facilities such as local bank branches and money transfer stores. As a result, mobile wallets became a safer and more convenient means of making international financial transactions, accelerating the adoption of digital payments.

The introduction of mobile wallets in markets that have traditionally been underserved by the financial sector has revolutionised access to finance for millions of individuals, granting them the financial independence to engage with their communities and acting as a catalyst for financial inclusion. Today, consumers have grown accustomed to the ease of access that mobile wallets provide, as well as the ability to receive and send funds instantly.

One example of this can be seen in Kenya, where mobile phone-based money transfer services are now used by more than half of the country’s population. These services are used by small businesses, shops, and restaurants across the country. This represents a wider trend across Africa and the Middle East, where mobile wallet adherence has reached nearly 323 million total users in 2020 and is expected to reach 798 million by 2025.

Mobile wallets drive remittances

Africa serves as a significant corridor for international remittances, and mobile wallets have become a staple for sending and receiving money from abroad. Egypt, the top receiver of remittances in Africa and fifth overall in the world, saw its total number of remittances increase in 2020 and 2021 when compared to previous years despite Covid-19. In 2021, total remittances to Egypt reached $32 billion, amounting to 7.8% of the country’s GDP.

It must be noted that most remittances received in African countries do not come from overseas, but rather, from other countries within Africa. About 40% of African migrants are still living in Africa. South Africa, for example, hosts many migrants from Mozambique, Zimbabwé and Zambia, while east African migrants flock to Kenya to work, and west African migrants to Cameroun, Congo DRC and Equatorial Guinea. The exception is northern African migrants, many of whom migrate to Europe, America or the Gulf countries. Last year, remittances sent by migrant workers to and within Africa totalled $85 billion and benefitted over 200 million people.

The increase in remittance payments reflects a global trend that started in the third quarter of 2020. In 2021, global remittances to low and middle-income countries reached $605 billion, a year-on-year growth of 8.6%.

Remittances continued to be a significant economic force in regions such as Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, both during and after the economic shock of the pandemic. Latin America and the Caribbean saw the highest year-on-year increase in remittance payments (25%) following initial Covid-related economic downturn. For the Middle East and North Africa, remittances increased by 7.6% in 2021 and 6% in 2022, while Sub-Saharan Africa saw an uptick of 14.1% in 2021 and 7.1% in 2022.

It is estimated that 75% of remittances to and within Africa are used for essential needs such as food, education, and healthcare.

The future of payments

The rise in global remittances to, from, and within Africa, along with mobile wallet adoption facilitating local and international transactions, do not indicate a move toward a totally cashless society. Cash still plays an important role in societies all over the world due to traditional value and trust meaning mobile wallet users themselves still demand cash-in and cash-out options. In fact, despite the success of M-Pesa’s mobile wallet, the company also maintains more than 40,000 pay-out locations in Kenya alone, making its success due as much to the physical network it maintains as to the technology it provides customers.

The future of remittances in Africa will mean mobile wallets and electronic payment platforms walking hand-in-hand with cash across Africa, with players such as Ria, M-Pesa, South Africa’s Flash, and Leaf Global Fintech demonstrating how traditional finance and fintech innovation can coexist now and collaborate in future.

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Business

Why email marketing remains one of the best forms of digital marketing

Crafting a strong email marketing strategy involves a real balance between creativity and making data-driven decisions, which, is just one of the roles undertaken by marketing and data company Go Live Data on behalf of its many clients.

Guiding some of the biggest corporates in the UK including Amazon Business, AxA and Premierline Business Insurance, Adam Herbert, CEO of Go Live Data, advises on the key components to a successful email campaign and why as one of the most effective marketing tools available, email still plays a crucial role in digital marketing:

Forming a direct means of communication, emails provides a and two-way access between businesses and their customers. And it may sound obvious to say, but unlike social media or other digital channels, every email allows marketers to reach their audience straight into their inbox, and this is where individuals are most likely to engage with the content they’re being shown.

Offering a high return on investment,  emails consistently deliver one of the highest ROI’s compared to other forms of digital marketing such as PPC and advertising. According to studies, the average is around £40 for every £1 spent, which is huge; and due to the low cost of email, its ability to drive conversions and to retain customers.

What’s more, with email segmentation and many personalisation techniques available, marketers can tailor their messages to specific groups of their audience, based on demographics, their behaviours, interests, and purchase history making them not only very targeted, but personalised too. The key is to deliver relevant content to subscribers, which means marketers can increase engagement, conversions, as well as customer satisfaction.

There are specific platforms which allow for automation, giving marketers the ability to set up automated workflows triggered by user actions and also means that marketers can deliver timely and relevant messages at scale, by nurturing leads, as an effective way to guide customers efficiently through the sales funnel.

Emails are also an excellent way to build customer relationships, by nurturing over time. By consistently delivering valuable content, exclusive offers, and personalised recommendations, businesses can strengthen the ‘bond’ with their audiences and increase brand loyalty. Email provides a means of two-way communication, which allows customers to send in their feedback, to ask any questions they may have and to  engage with a brand directly.

They are also a great way to drive traffic to your website, blog and social media, or any other digital channels connected to your business. By including attractive or compelling calls-to-action (CTAs) and relevant content, you can encourage subscribers to take action such as making a purchase, signing up for a webinar, or downloading a resource, which in turn will drive conversions and revenue for your business.

Email platforms offer substantial analytics and reporting functions that enable marketers to track the performance of their campaigns in real-time. Monitoring of key metrics such as open rates, click-through rates, conversion rates, and revenue generated, allows marketers to measure the effectiveness of their campaigns and of course make data-driven decisions to optimise and plan future activities.

Overall, emails are an integral component of a digital marketing and by leveraging email effectively, businesses can engage their audience, nurture leads, drive sales, and ultimately grow their businesses.

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Business

Conflicting with compliance: How the finance sector is struggling to implement GenAI

By James Sherlow, Systems Engineering Director, EMEA, for Cequence Security

GenerativeAI has multiple applications in the finance sector from product development to customer relations to marketing and sales. In fact, McKinsey estimates that GenAI has the potential to improve operating profits in the finance sector by between 9-15% and in the banking sector, productivity gains could be between 3-5% of annual revenues. It suggests AI tools could be used to boost customer liaison with AI integrated through APIs to give real-time recommendations either autonomously or via CSRs, to inform decision making and expedite day-to-day tasks for employees, and to decrease risk by monitoring for fraud or elevated instances of risk.

However, McKinsey also warns of inhibitors to adoption in the sector. These include the level of regulation applicable to different processes, which is fairly low with respect to customer relations but high for credit risk scoring, for example, and the data used, some of is in the public domain but some of which comprises personally identifiable information (PII) which is highly sensitive. If these issues can be overcome, the analyst estimates GenAI could more than double the application of expertise to decision making, planning and creative tasks from 25% without to 56%.

Hamstrung by regulations

Clearly the business use cases are there but unlike other sectors, finance is currently being hamstrung by regulations that have yet to catch up with the AI revolution. Unlike in the EU which approved the AI Act in March, the UK has no plans to regulate the technology. Instead, it intends to promote guidelines. The UK Financial Authorities comprising the Bank of England, PRA, and FCA have been canvassing the market on what these should look like since October 2022, publishing the results (FS2/23 – AI and Machine Learning) a year later which showed a strong demand for harmonisation with the likes of the AI Act as well as NIST’s AI Risk Management Framework.

Right now, this means financial providers find themselves in regulatory limbo. If we look at cyber security, for instance, firms are being presented with GenAI-enabled solutions that can assist them with incident detection and response but they’re not able to utilise that functionality because it contravenes compliance requirements. Decision-making processes are a key example as these must be made by a human, tracked and audited and, while the decision-making capabilities of GenAI may be on a par, accountability in remains a grey area. Consequently, many firms are erring on the side of caution and are choosing to deactivate AI functionality within their security solutions.

In fact, a recent EY report found one in five financial services leaders did not think their organisation was well-positioned to take advantage of the potential benefits. Much will depend on how easily the technology can be integrated into existing frameworks, although the GenAI and the Banking on AI: Financial Services Harnesses Generative AI for Security and Service report cautions this may take three to five years. That’s a long time in the world of GenAI, which has already come a long way since it burst on to the market 18 months ago.

Malicious AI

The danger is that while the sector drags its heels, threat actors will show no such qualms and will be quick to capitalise on the technology to launch attacks. FS2/23 makes the point that GenAI could see an increase in money laundering and fraud through the use of deep fakes, for instance, and sophisticated phishing campaigns. We’re still in the learning phase but as the months tick by the expectation is that we can expect to see high-volume self-learning attacks by the end of the year. These will be on an unprecedented scale because GenAI will lower the technological barrier to entry, enabling new threat actors to enter the fray.

Simply blocking attacks will no longer be a sufficient form of defence because GenAI will quickly regroup or pivot the attack automatically without the need to employ additional resource. If we look at how APIs, which are intrinsic to customer services and open banking for instance, are currently protected, the emphasis has been on detection and blocking but going forward we can expect deceptive response to play a far greater role. This frustrates and exhausts the resources of the attacker, making the attacks cost-prohibitive to sustain.

So how should the sector look to embrace AI given the current state of regulatory flux? As with any digital transformation project, there needs to be oversight of how AI will be used within the business, with a working group tasked to develop an AI framework. In addition to NIST, there are a number of security standards that can help here such as ISO 22989, ISO 23053, ISO 23984 and ISO 42001 and the oversight framework set out in DORA (Digital Operational Resilience Act) for third party providers. The framework should encompass the tools the firm has with AI functionality, their possible application in terms of use cases, and the risks associated with these, as well as how it will mitigate any areas of high risk.

Taking a proactive approach makes far more sense than suspending the use of AI which effectively places firms at the mercy of adversaries who will be quick to take advantage of the technology. These are tumultuous times and we can certainly expect AI to rewrite the rulebook when it comes to attack and defence. But firms must get to grips with how they can integrate the technology rather than electing to switch it off and continue as usual.

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Business

Recognising the value of protecting intellectual property early builds strong foundation for innovators

Innovation Manager at InnoScot Health, Fiona Schaefer analyses an essential facet of developing ideas into innovations

Helping the NHS to innovate remains a key priority during this period of recovery and reform. Even within the current cash-strapped climate, there is the opportunity to maximise the first-hand experience of the healthcare workforce and its knowledge of where new ideas are needed most.

Entrepreneurial-minded, creative staff from any discipline or activity are often best placed to recognise areas for improvement – the reason why a significant number of solutions come from, and are best developed with, health and social care staff.

NHS Scotland is a powerful driver of innovation, but to truly harness the opportunities which new ideas offer for development and commercialisation, the knowledge and intellectual property (IP) underpinning them needs to be protected. That vital know-how and other intangible assets – holding appropriate contracts for example – are key from an early stage.

Medical devices can take years to develop and gain regulatory approval, so from the outset of an idea’s development – and before revenue is generated – filing for IP protection and having confidentiality agreements in place are ways to start creating valuable assets. This is especially important when applying for patent protection because that option is only available when ideas have not been discussed or presented to external parties prior to application.

Without taking that critical initial step to protect IP, anyone – without your permission – could copy the idea, so anything of worth should be protected as soon as possible, making for a clear competitive advantage and ownership in the same sense as possessing physical property.

The common theme is that to be successful – and ultimately support the commercialisation of ideas that will improve patient care and outcomes – the idea must be novel, better, quicker, or more efficient than existing options. Furthermore, to turn it into a sound proposition worth investing in, it must also be technically and financially feasible. It isn’t enough to just be new and novel – the best innovations offer tangible benefits to patient outcomes and staff working practices.

Of course, even more so in the current climate of financial constraints, the key question of ‘Who will pay for your new product or service?’ needs to be considered up front as well.

Whilst development of a strong IP portfolio requires investment and dedicated expertise, when done well and at the appropriate time, then it is resource well spent, offering a level of security whilst developing an asset which can be built upon and traded. There are various ways commercialisation can progress and whilst not all efforts will be successful, intellectual property is an asset which can be licensed or sold to others offering a range of opportunities to secure a good return.

In my experience, however, many organisations including the NHS are still missing the opportunity to recognise and protect their knowledge assets and intellectual property early in the innovation pathway. This is partly due to lack of understanding – sometimes one aspect is carefully protected, whilst another is entirely neglected. In other cases, the desire to accelerate to the next stage of product development means such important foundational steps are not given the attention required for long-term success.

Good IP management goes beyond formally protecting the knowledge assets associated with a project, e.g. by patenting or design registration, however. When considered with other intangible assets such as access to datasets, clinical trial results, standard operating procedures, quality management systems, and regulatory approvals, it is the combination which will be key to success.

Early securing of IP protection or recognition of IP rights in a collaboration agreement, demonstrates foresight and business acumen. Later on, it can significantly boost negotiating power with a licensing partner or build investor confidence.

Conversely, omissions in IP protection or suitable contracts can be damaging, potentially derailing years of product development and exposing organisations to legal challenges and other risks. Failing to protect a promising idea can also mean commercial opportunities are missed, thus leading to your IP being undervalued.

Ideas are evaluated by formal NHS Scotland partner InnoScot Health in the same way whether they are big or small, a product, service, or new, innovative approach to a care pathway.

We encourage and enable all 160,000 NHS Scotland staff, regardless of role or location, to come forward with their ideas, giving them the advice and support they need to maximise their potential benefits.

Protecting the IP rights of the health service is one of the cornerstones of InnoScot Health’s service offering. In fact, to date we have protected over 255 NHS Scotland innovations. Recently these have included design registration and trademarks for the SARUS® hood and trademarks for SCRAM®, building and protecting a recognised range of bags with innovative, intuitive layouts. Spin outs such as Aurum Biosciences meanwhile have patents underpinning their novel therapeutics and diagnostics.

We assist in managing this IP to ensure a return on investment for the health service. Any revenue generated from commercialising ideas and innovations from healthcare professionals is shared with the innovators and the health board through our agreements with them and the revenue sharing scheme detailed in health board IP and innovation policies.

Fundamentally, we believe that it is vital to harness the value of expertise and creativity of staff with a well-considered approach to protecting IP and knowledge input to projects from the start.

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